Demystifying Volumetric Weight (Dimensional Weight)
Why your shipping cost isn't always based on the scale.
Have you ever wondered why shipping a large box of pillows costs more than a small box of lead weights? The answer is Volumetric Weight (also known as Dimensional Weight). Carriers use this metric to ensure they are fairly compensated for the space an item occupies in their vehicle or aircraft.
What is Volumetric Weight?
Volumetric weight is a theoretical weight based on the volume of a package. Airplanes and trucks have limited space. If everyone shipped light, bulky items, the carrier would run out of space before reaching their weight capacity. Volumetric weight 'levels the playing field' by assigning a weight value to the space used.
The Divisor Rule
To find volumetric weight, you multiply L x W x H and divide by a standard 'divisor'. The most common divisor for international air freight is 5000 (for cm/kg). This means 1 cubic meter of space is equivalent to 200kg. Some domestic carriers use 6000 or even 7000, which is more favorable to the shipper.
Determining Chargeable Weight
Carriers compare the Actual (Scale) Weight to the Volumetric Weight and bill you for whichever is higher. This is called the 'Chargeable Weight'. If your actual weight is 5kg but your volumetric weight is 12kg, you will be billed for 12kg. Packaging efficiently to reduce box dimensions is the best way to save on air freight.
FAQ
Do all carriers use the same divisor?
No. DHL, FedEx, and UPS often use 5000 for express shipments, while standard air freight may use 6000. Always check your carrier's specific terms.
Does volumetric weight apply to sea freight?
For Sea LCL, the rule is usually 1 CBM = 1000kg. This is much more generous than air freight, making it ideal for large, light items.